09届高三英语语法复习教案之情态动词
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概要:气才用过去式,而答句必须按照实际情况回答,故选can’t,以求和I’m afraid(在此表示婉拒)一致。 例题5. ---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ---______.` A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't 答案 B will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心",本题表示决心,故选B。 例题6. Shall we go skating or stay at home? Which ___ do? A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather 答案 B 本题考查情态动词would rather的用法,would rather +do sth 意为“宁愿”,本题为疑问句,would 提前,所以选B。 ◆思考 几组情态动词的辨异 1. can 和be able to 情态动词can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could,而be able to有多种时态形式。例如: ① Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会
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答案 B shouldn't have done为不该做了某事。
例题4. ---Could I borrow your umbrella, please?
---I’m afraid you _______.
A. could B. can C. couldn’t D. can’t
答案 D 此题极易错选C。其实could在问句中表示请求,为了语气的委婉和客气才用过去式,而答句必须按照实际情况回答,故选can’t,以求和I’m afraid(在此表示婉拒)一致。
例题5. ---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.`
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案 B will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心",本题表示决心,故选B。
例题6. ----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案 B 本题考查情态动词would rather的用法,would rather +do sth 意为“宁愿”,本题为疑问句,would 提前,所以选B。
◆思考
几组情态动词的辨异
1. can 和be able to
情态动词can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could,而be able to有多种时态形式。例如:
① Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。
用在过去时中,could经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做,而was / were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。例如:
② He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn’t feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡,但那天他不想游。
③ Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
2. must和 have to
must 和 have to 都可以表示“必须”,但有几点区别:
must 强调“内在的职责”、“义务”,而have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。^
have to可用于多种时态,而must一般用于现在时,其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall / will have to代替。
在回答must引起的问题时,如果是否定的答复,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to,因为mustn’t是“一定不要”、“一定不能”的意思。例如:
① You must come to the classroom before eight. 八点前你必须来教室。
② It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now. 虽然外面下着大雨,可我还是得走了。
③ ---Must we do it now? 我们必须现在做吗?
---No, you needn’t. 不,不必。
3. would和used to
used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同,而would只表过去的情况。例如:
① People used to think that the earth was flat.过去人们认为地球是平的。(现在人们不这么认为。)
② She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.
在乡下时,她总是在早晨去散会儿步。(可能现在仍有散步的习惯。)
used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况,而would只表示过去的习惯动作。例如:
① He used to ∕would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。
② She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。
4. can 和 may
考试中主要测试can,may或could,might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑问句的回答
can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性;而may, might则表示事实上的可能性。此外,can还具有“有能力”的意思,而may与might则不具此意。例如:^
① According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow. 据气象预报,明天可能下雨。
② Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong. 任何一位有头脑的人都能看出他错了。
May I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如:
③ ---May we leave now? 我们可以走了吗?
---No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet. 不行,你们还没完成工作呢。
5. used to +do, be used to +doing和be used to +do
used to +v意为“过去常常”,“过去一直”;be used to +v-ing / n(名词)意为“习惯于”;be used to +v意为“被用来(做某事)”。
used to只表示过去,而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如:
① He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t. 他过去吸烟,现在不吸了。
② He’s quite used to hard work / working hard. 他习惯于埋头苦干。
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